How is Israel confronting Omicron wave?

Israel's response to the coronavirus pandemic has been closely-watched worldwide, notably for its rapid vaccine rollout and early decision to offer booster shots before there was broad scientific support for a third dose.

The country is now confronting an unprecedented caseload, fuelled by the Omicron variant, with more than 37,000 new cases reported Tuesday, shattering previous records.

But the government has so far avoided re-imposing lockdowns and most other restrictions, insisting it can manage an infection surge with a peak that may still be weeks away.

- What is Israel's strategy? -

Shortly after the Omicron variant was first detected in South Africa in November, Israel heavily curbed international travel.

Cyrille Cohen, a life sciences professor at Bar Ilan University near Tel Aviv, described this as "a good move", which delayed large-scale local transmission and bought time to prepare for the coming wave, including by securing Covid treatment supplies.

But he said Israel did not use this time to adequately boost testing capacity, a fact now driving public frustration in several countries.

With domestic transmission surging and Prime Minister Naftali Bennett forecasting between two to four million infections in the weeks ahead, Israel concluded that travel restrictions would do little other than harm the economy.

It has both reopened its skies and allowed bars, restaurants, gyms, houses of worship and other facilities to stay open.

Cohen told AFP that Israel has effectively "transferred some of the management of this crisis from the authorities to the people", giving primary responsibility to residents to self-test and quarantine.

- What are risks -

Hagai Levine, chairman of the Israeli Association of Public Health Physicians, told AFP that Israel's decision to "continue with normal life" will inevitably result in "many contaminations".

Levine backed the decision to avoid a fresh lockdown but said the government would face problems if it continues to announce policy adjustments on a near daily basis.

For Levine, "the main risk (of the current strategy) is political".

"Changing the policy continuously causes confusion and a feeling that the government is not in control, which is true, because it's not possible to be in control," of the Omicron wave, he said.

Israel's pandemic response chief, Salman Zarka, also warned Monday that spreading cases and mandatory isolation will increasingly put stress on the labour force, notably the healthcare system.

"We assume that many workers will be infected in the health system and in the essential economy," he told reporters, saying the possibility of shortening isolation periods for select individuals who test positive but are asymptomatic was being examined.

- Fourth shot? -

More than 80 percent of Israel's adult residents have received two coronavirus vaccine shots and more than half have been given a booster.

Bennett said last month that Israel also intended to be a trailblazer in administering a fourth shot to combat Omicron.

Certain at-risk groups now have access to a fourth shot, even if scientific evidence on its impact remains scant.

"Israel is open to doing things based on rationale without scientific proof," Levine said.

"This is sometimes worth it - as was the case with the first and third jab, which were administered quickly and looking back, this paid off," he said.

Preliminary data from Israel's Sheba Medical Center indicate a significant antibody boost in those given a fourth shot.

But Cohen stressed it was too early to reach any conclusions about the import of another booster.

"I can understand the decision to allow it for people that are at risk," he said, but added: "We don't know if it will make a difference compared to three shots."